什么是 NVM
nvm 全称 Node Version Manager，是一种 nodejs 版本管理工具，它允许我们只通过简单的命令行实现“快速”安装和使用不同版本的 nodejs。
$ nvm use 16
Now using node v16.9.1 (npm v7.21.1)
$ node -v
v16.9.1
$ nvm use 14
Now using node v14.18.0 (npm v6.14.15)
$ node -v
v14.18.0
$ nvm install 12
Now using node v12.22.6 (npm v6.14.5)
$ node -v
v12.22.6
NVM 安装
当前只记录 Windows 环境下的安装教程，其他平台的参照 Installing and Updating。
访问 nvm-windows 仓库，下载指定版本的 nvm-setup.exe 安装包点击安装即可。
NVM 常见命令使用
nvm 帮助文档
nvm
输出的帮助文档如下：
Running version 1.1.7.
| Usage | Description |
|---|---|
vm arch | Show if node is running in 32 or 64 bit mode. |
nvm install <version> [arch] | The version can be a node.js version or "latest" for the latest stable version. Optionally specify whether to install the 32 or 64 bit version (defaults to system arch).Set [arch] to "all" to install 32 AND 64 bit versions.Add --insecure to the end of this command to bypass SSL validation of the remote download server. |
nvm list [available] | List the node.js installations. Type "available" at the end to see what can be installed. Aliased as ls. |
nvm on | Enable node.js version management. |
nvm off | Disable node.js version management. |
nvm proxy [url] | Set a proxy to use for downloads. Leave [url] blank to see the current proxy.Set [url] to "none" to remove the proxy. |
nvm node_mirror [url] | Set the node mirror. Defaults to https://nodejs.org/dist/. Leave [url] blank to use default url. |
nvm npm_mirror [url] | Set the npm mirror. Defaults to https://github.com/npm/cli/archive/. Leave [url] blank to default url. |
nvm uninstall <version> | The version must be a specific version. |
nvm use [version] [arch] | Switch to use the specified version. Optionally specify 32/64bit architecture.nvm use <arch> will continue using the selected version, but switch to 32/64 bit mode. |
nvm root [path] | Set the directory where nvm should store different versions of node.js.If <path> is not set, the current root will be displayed. |
nvm version | Displays the current running version of nvm for Windows. Aliased as v. |
查看当前远程镜像仓库中可用的 node 版本
nvm list available
如果遇到如下错误可重新运行一次
nvm list available
Could not retrieve https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/index.json.
Get "https://cdn.npmmirror.com/binaries/node/index.json": read tcp 10.106.22.43:52214->111.39.146.89:443: wsarecv: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.
输出结果如下：
| CURRENT | LTS | OLD STABLE | OLD UNSTABLE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20.6.0 | 18.17.1 | 0.12.18 | 0.11.16 |
| 20.5.1 | 18.17.0 | 0.12.17 | 0.11.15 |
| 20.5.0 | 18.16.1 | 0.12.16 | 0.11.14 |
| 20.4.0 | 18.16.0 | 0.12.15 | 0.11.13 |
| 20.3.1 | 18.15.0 | 0.12.14 | 0.11.12 |
| 20.3.0 | 18.14.2 | 0.12.13 | 0.11.11 |
| 20.2.0 | 18.14.1 | 0.12.12 | 0.11.10 |
| 20.1.0 | 18.14.0 | 0.12.11 | 0.11.9 |
| 20.0.0 | 18.13.0 | 0.12.10 | 0.11.8 |
| 19.9.0 | 18.12.1 | 0.12.9 | 0.11.7 |
| 19.8.1 | 18.12.0 | 0.12.8 | 0.11.6 |
| 19.8.0 | 16.20.2 | 0.12.7 | 0.11.5 |
| 19.7.0 | 16.20.1 | 0.12.6 | 0.11.4 |
| 19.6.1 | 16.20.0 | 0.12.5 | 0.11.3 |
| 19.6.0 | 16.19.1 | 0.12.4 | 0.11.2 |
| 19.5.0 | 16.19.0 | 0.12.3 | 0.11.1 |
| 19.4.0 | 16.18.1 | 0.12.2 | 0.11.0 |
| 19.3.0 | 16.18.0 | 0.12.1 | 0.9.12 |
| 19.2.0 | 16.17.1 | 0.12.0 | 0.9.11 |
| 19.1.0 | 16.17.0 | 0.10.48 | 0.9.10 |
This is a partial list. For a complete list, visit https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases
下载、编译并安装指定版本的 node
nvm install 18.17.1
输出可能如下：
Downloading node.js version 18.17.1 (64-bit)...
Extracting node and npm...
Complete
npm v9.6.7 installed successfully.
Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type
nvm use 18.17.1
选择当前使用的 node 版本
nvm use 18.17.1
输入如下：
Now using node v18.17.1 (64-bit)
查看本地已经安装的可用 node 版本
nvm list
输出结果可能如下：
* 18.17.1 (Currently using 64-bit executable)
16.17.0
修改 NVM 镜像路径
- 方式一：
直接修改 nvm 安装目录下 setting.txt文件
修改前：
root: D:\devTool\nvm
path: D:\devTool\nvm\nodejs
修改后：
root: D:\devTool\nvm
path: D:\devTool\nvm\nodejs
node_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
npm_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/
- 方式二：
命令行修改
nvm node_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
nvm npm_mirror https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/
NVM 问题补充
待补充